Mechanisms controlling nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors

Recognition of pathogen-associated nucleic acids by endosomal nucleic acid-sensing toll-like receptors.

Foreign nucleic acids, the essential signature molecules of invading pathogens that act as danger signals for host cells, are detected by endosomal nucleic acid-sensing toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3, 7, 8, 9, and 13. These TLRs have evolved to recognize 'non-self' nucleic acids within endosomal compartments and rapidly initiate innate immune responses to ensure host protection through induction ...

Microbial sensing by Toll-like receptors and intracellular nucleic acid sensors.

Recognition of an invading pathogen is critical to elicit protective responses. Certain microbial structures and molecules, which are crucial for their survival and virulence, are recognized by different families of evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). This recognition initiates a signaling cascade that leads to the transcription of inflammatory cytokines and chemokine...

Regulation of Nucleic Acid Sensing Toll-Like Receptors in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Therapeutical targeting of nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors prevents experimental cerebral malaria.

Excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines by innate immune cells is an important component of the pathogenic basis of malaria. Proinflammatory cytokines are a direct output of Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation during microbial infection. Thus, interference with TLR function is likely to render a better clinical outcome by preventing their aberrant activation and the excessive release of ...

Controlling a Chronic Viral Infection and Nucleic Acid-Sensing TLR Pathways in Like Receptors − Differential Roles for RIG-I