Mechanical properties of larval mouthparts of the antlion Euroleon nostras (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) and their correlation with cuticular material composition

Abstract The diversity of insects can be explained by their ability to fill various ecological niches, which includes the foraging from diverse sources. cuticle-based feeding structures interact with food and show adaptations in shape, material composition mechanical properties it. In this study, we focus on mouthparts a very prominent ambush predator, antlion larvae Euroleon nostras . By nanoindentation, tested hardness Young’s modulus mouthparts, are significantly harder stiffer than other insect cuticle structures. To gain insight into origins high values, studied degree tanning using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Additionally, determined content transition alkaline earth metals energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. We found that proportions Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Ca, Mg, Si correlate property values. also conducted experiments breaking stress, puncturing biomechanical behaviour jaws, highlighted extraordinary strength. These findings not only valuable for biologists, but scientists, as they contribute our understanding heterogeneities cuticle.