Measurement of Transient Horizontal Electric Fields Using Two Vertical Conducting Probes

Transient fields of a vertical electric dipole on an M-layered dielectric medium

A simple and explicit derivation for the vertical electric dipole excited by a short-pulse current and located above a layered dielectric medium is derived in an analytical form using the Cagniard–de Hoop method. The fields are expressed as the convolution of the exciting current with the layered medium response. This response is obtained directly from the integral representation for the magnet...

Electric fields associated with transient surface currents

Alkyl-nitrile adlayers as probes of plasmonically induced electric fields

Vibrational Stark shifts observed frommercaptoalkyl monolayers on surface enhanced Raman (SERS) active materials are reported to provide a direct measurement of the local electric field around plasmonic nanostructures. Adlayers of CN , p-mercaptobenzonitrile, and n-mercaptobutylnitrile were adsorbed to a heterogeneous nanostructured Ag surface. The frequency of the CN moiety was observed to shi...

Which electric fields are realizable in conducting materials?

In this paper we study the realizability of a given smooth periodic gradient field ∇u defined in R, in the sense of finding when one can obtain a matrix conductivity σ such that σ∇u is a divergence free current field. The construction is shown to be always possible locally in R provided that ∇u is non-vanishing. This condition is also necessary in dimension two but not in dimension three. In fa...

Converging Measurement of Horizontal and Vertical Individualism and Collectivism

The constructs of horizontal (H) and vertical (V) individualism (I) and collectivism (C) were theoretically defined and empirically supported. Study 1 confirmed, via factor analysis, that the 4 constructs, HI, VI, HC, and VC, which were previously found in the United States, which has an individualist culture, also were found in Korea, which has a collectivist culture. Study 2 investigated mult...