Maturity stage at harvest influences antioxidant phytochemicals and antibacterial activity of jujube fruit (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. and Ziziphus spina-christi L.)

Fruits of the genus Ziziphus are known for their medicinal and nutritional value. Thus, this study aimed to investigate influence different maturity stages (unripe, half-ripe, ripe fruit) at harvest on physicochemical characteristics, phytochemical composition, antioxidants, antibacterial activities mauritiana spina-christi fruits. In both plant species, unripe fruits had significantly higher (P < 0.05) phenolic flavonoid content antioxidant activity compared with At all stages, these features were in Z. than Regardless 13 compounds identified quantified fruit extracts. For concentration individual changed maturity. Among compounds, gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic salicylic catechin, rutin levels those fruits, whereas vanillic acid quercetin showed opposite trend. Additionally, trans-cinnamic was only detected conclusion, mature jujube fruit, especially spina-christi, shown be a promising source various naturally occurring significant interest owing its pharmacological therapeutic properties as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic.