Maternal–fetal attachment differentiates patterns of prenatal smoking and exposure
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Prenatal smoking exposure and psychiatric symptoms in adolescence
AIM Explore associations between smoking in pregnancy and psychiatric symptoms in the adolescent offspring. DESIGN/SUBJECTS A prospective population based follow-up of 84 adolescents at 14 years of age, of whom 32 of the mothers reported smoking during pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA), ADHD-Rating Scale IV, Autism Spectrum Screeni...
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Introduction Previous neuroimaging studies demonstrate that drug addiction is characterized by altered reward processing. For example, smokers show an increased reactivity to drug related stimuli in the reward circuitry compared to non-smokers (Due et al., 2002). On the other hand they demonstrate a decreased neural response to non-drug rewards in these areas (Bühler et al., 2010). Animal studi...
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although there are studies on pragmatic assessment, to date, literature has been almost silent about native and non-native english raters’ criteria for the assessment of efl learners’ pragmatic performance. focusing on this topic, this study pursued four purposes. the first one was to find criteria for rating the speech acts of apology and refusal in l2 by native and non-native english teachers...
15 صفحه اولPrenatal Caffeine Exposure Impairs Pregnancy in Rats
Background In recent years, concerns have been raised about human reproductive disorders. Caffeine consumption is increasing by the world’s population and there is a relationship between caffeine intake and adverse reproductive outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of caffeine on implantation sites, number of live births, birth weight, crown-rump length (CRL) and abnormali...
متن کاملEffects of prenatal exposure to different colors on offsprings mood
Objective(s):There is much evidence indicating that depression is influenced by the levels of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, GABA and adrenaline. The current study we designed to investigate the effect of exposure of pregnant rats to different colors on neurotransmitters level, as indicators of mood disorders in off springs. Materials and Methods:Five groups of pregnant female Wistar rats ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Addictive Behaviors
سال: 2015
ISSN: 0306-4603
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.01.028