Mammalian DNA Methyltransferases: A Structural Perspective
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Mammalian DNA methyltransferases.
DNA methylation is an epigenetic process affecting gene expression and chromatin organization. It can heritably silence or activate transcription of genes without any change in their nucleotide sequences, and for a long time was not recognized as an important regulatory mechanism. However, during the recent years it has been shown that improper methylation, especially hypermethylation of promot...
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In mammalian cells, DNA methylation patterns are precisely maintained after DNA replication with defined changes occurring during development. The major DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt1) is associated with nuclear replication sites during S-phase, which is consistent with a role in maintenance methylation. The subcellular distribution of the recently discovered de novo DNA methyltransferases, Dnmt3...
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DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) establish and maintain DNA methylation patterns at specific regions of the genome, thereby contributing to gene regulation. It is becoming evident that an intricate web of pathways target DNMTs to these genomic regions. Here, we review the understanding of these regulatory mechanisms and provide an overview of the new findings, emphasizing the emerging scenario in...
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In mammals, DNA methylation is introduced by the DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B methyltransferases, which are all large multi-domain proteins containing a catalytic C-terminal domain and an N-terminal part with regulatory functions. Recently, two novel regulatory principles of DNMTs were uncovered. It was shown that their catalytic activity is under allosteric control of N-terminal domains with autoi...
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Through all kingdoms of life RNAs are modified as, or after, they are synthesized. The types and sites of modification are often conserved, implying conservation of function. Many of these modifications are located at key functional regions of the ribosome or other RNAs. The enzymes that carry out the modifications exhibit unique or limited multisite specificity. Substrate recognition by RNA-mo...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Structure
سال: 2008
ISSN: 0969-2126
DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2008.01.004