منابع مشابه
Making Counterfactual Assumptions
This paper provides an update semantics for counterfactual conditionals. It does so by giving a dynamic twist to the ‘Premise Semantics’ for counterfactuals developed in Veltman (1976) and Kratzer (1981). It also offers an alternative solution to the problems with naive Premise Semantics discussed by Angelika Kratzer in ‘Lumps of Thought’ (Kratzer, 1989). Such an alternative is called for given...
متن کاملCounterfactual Reasoning Based on Revising Assumptions
We present a semantics for counterfactual implication relative to positive programs with integrity constraints and protected rules (unrevisable). A counterfactual truth evaluation is presented based on Contradiction Removal Semantics. We show the adequacy of C RS to deene the notion of similarity needed for deening counterfactual truth. The concepts introduced by C RS are adequate to support th...
متن کاملWhen Worlds Collide: Integrating Different Counterfactual Assumptions in Fairness
Machine learning is now being used to make crucial decisions about people’s lives. For nearly all of these decisions there is a risk that individuals of a certain race, gender, sexual orientation, or any other subpopulation are unfairly discriminated against. Our recent method has demonstrated how to use techniques from counterfactual inference to make predictions fair across different subpopul...
متن کاملAssumptions of Decision-Making Models in AGI
This paper analyzes the assumptions of the decision making models in the context of artificial general intelligence (AGI). It is argued that the traditional approaches, exemplified by decision theory and reinforcement learning, are inappropriate for AGI, because their fundamental assumptions on available knowledge and resource cannot be satisfied here. The decision making process in the AGI sys...
متن کاملCounterfactual reasoning underlies the learning of priors in decision making
Accurate decisions require knowledge of prior probabilities (e.g., prevalence or base rate) but it is unclear how prior probability is learned in the absence of a teacher. We hypothesized that humans could learn base rates from experience making decisions, even without feedback. Participants made difficult decisions about the direction of dynamic random dot motion. For each block of 15-42 trial...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Semantics
سال: 2005
ISSN: 1477-4593,0167-5133
DOI: 10.1093/jos/ffh022