Magma chamber stratification of the 1815 Tambora caldera-forming eruption

Cold decade (AD 1810–1819) caused by Tambora (1815) and another (1809) stratospheric volcanic eruption

[1] Climate records indicate that the decade of AD 1810–1819 including ‘‘the year without a summer’’ (1816) is probably the coldest during the past 500 years or longer, and the cause of the climatic extreme has been attributed primarily to the 1815 cataclysmic Tambora eruption in Indonesia. But the cold temperatures in the early part of the decade and the timing of the Tambora eruption call int...

Geochronology of the Long Valley Caldera as related to the Long Valley magma chamber

Magma transfer at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) before the 1538 AD eruption

Calderas are collapse structures related to the emptying of magmatic reservoirs, often associated with large eruptions from long-lived magmatic systems. Understanding how magma is transferred from a magma reservoir to the surface before eruptions is a major challenge. Here we exploit the historical, archaeological and geological record of Campi Flegrei caldera to estimate the surface deformatio...

A model for the origin of large silicic magma chambers: precursors of caldera-forming eruptions

The relatively low rates of magma production in island arcs and continental extensional settings require that the volume of silicic magma involved in large catastrophic caldera-forming (CCF) eruptions must accumulate over periods of 105 to 106 years. We address the question of why buoyant and otherwise eruptible highsilica magma should accumulate for long times in shallow chambers rather than e...

Subsidence of ash-flow calderas: relation to caldera size and magma-chamber geometry

Peter W. Lipman U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Diverse subsidence geometries and collapse processes for ash-flow calderas are inferred to reflect varying sizes, roof geometries, and depths of the source magma chambers, in combination with prior volcanic and regional tectonic influences. Based largely on a revie...