Low-dose radiation effects

The Earth was highly radioactive four billion years ago when life emerged. Even today, all humans are bombarded by 20,000 radiation strikes each second. Although high doses hazardous, organisms have evolved not only to tolerate lower-dose but also benefit it (hormesis). Hormesis is prevailing in species various respects. An example that hibakusha (Japanese A-bomb survivors) longer lifespans and lower risk of cancer, on average. Many microbes thrive deep subsurface regions consuming as a source nutrition. Low-dose (LDR) effective at treating severely affected COVID-19 patients, the invalid linear no-threshold model (LNT) hinders full beneficial use LDR.