Loss of estrogen-mediated immunoprotection underlies female gender bias in experimental Crohn’s-like ileitis

Simvastatin and Recombinant Antagonist of Receptors of Interleukin-1 Modulate Toll-like Receptors in Experimental Acute Ileitis in Rat

Background: The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is complex and multifactorial. Studies have led to the current concept that Toll-like receptors represent key mediators of innate host defense in the intestine, and they are involved in maintaining mucosal as well as commensal homeostasis. We studied the possibility of simvastatin and antagonist of receptors of interleukin-1 for pharmac...

Female Police Officers: Gender Bias and Professionalism

Gender bias in the observation of experimental pain.

The aim of this study was to examine how men and women observe experimentally induced pain in male and female participants and to specifically determine the accuracy of observed pain ratings, the possible interactions between the sex of the viewer and the sex of the individual being observed, and the influence of gender role expectations on observed pain ratings. The sample comprised 29 partici...

Mechanisms of cytokine-mediated localized immunoprotection

T he actions ofproinflammatory or regulatory cytokines have been quite unpredictable when expressed individually within tissues such as in transgenic mice. Cytokines that have been considered proinflammatory in the classical sense have been shown to have immunosuppressive effects; likewise, cytokines that have demonstrated immunosuppressive activity have proven to be proinflammatory in these tr...

Gender Bias Without Borders An Investigation of Female Characters in Popular Films Across 11 Countries GENDER BIAS WITHOUT BORDERS

Women the world over face stark disparities in health, finance, education, politics, and other arenas. Persistent gender inequality may threaten economic growth and/or social progress.1 At the most micro level, discrimination impedes girls and women from achieving their individual hopes and dreams. Through its Millennium Development Goals, the United Nations has championed an increase in equali...