Location-dependent distributed control of battery energy storage systems for fast frequency response

This paper proposes a distributed strategy to control multiple battery energy storage systems (BESS) delivering fast frequency response in low-inertial power with high penetration of renewable sources. A novel algorithm is designed optimise the operation an arbitrary number BESS while incorporating frequency-related constraints meet service requirements response. The proposed uses consensus-based alternating direction method multipliers (ADMM) solve formulated optimisation problem. Since contribution system depends on locations network, location-dependent term incorporated into account for effect Using multi-agent framework can be implemented fashion efficiently utilise and coordinate flexibility systems. Simulation studies demonstrate effectiveness both location provide cost-effective improved as well suitability solution large BESS.