Local topography‐induced pressure gradient effects on the wake and power output of a model wind turbine

Wind-tunnel experiments were performed to study the effect of favorable and adverse constant pressure gradients (PG) from local changes in topography right downwind a model wind turbine. Particle image velocimetry was used characterize near intermediate wake regions. We explored five scenarios, two favorable, PG, case with negligible PG. Results show that PGs induce deflection modulate wake. They imposed relatively small impact on turbulence kinetic energy kinematic shear stress but comparatively dominant bulk flow recovery. Based this, simple formulation is describe PG modeled base through linearized perturbation method; obtained by solving simplified, integrated streamwise momentum equation. This approach reasonably estimated profile PG-induced power output variations.