Local and Remote Atmospheric Circulation Drivers of Arctic Change: A Review

Arctic Amplification is a fundamental feature of past, present, and modelled future climate. However, the causes this “amplification” within Earth’s climate system are not fully understood. To date, warming in has been most pronounced autumn winter seasons, with trend predicted to continue based on model projections Nevertheless, mechanisms by which will take place numerous, interconnected. complex. Will be primarily driven local, within-Arctic processes, or external forces play greater role contributing changing region? Motivated uncertainty climate, review seeks evaluate several key atmospheric circulation processes important ongoing discussion amplification, focusing troposphere. Both local remote drivers amplification considered, specific focus given high-latitude blocking, poleward moisture transport, tropical-high latitude subseasonal teleconnections. Impacts variability transport sea ice, ice sheet surface mass balance, snow cover, other cryospheric variables reviewed discussed. The evolution discussed terms projected trends blocking their coupling cryosphere. As strongly influenced lower-latitude state tropical-to-Arctic teleconnections also considered.