Loaded expectations

Expectations.

Patients' expectations have long been considered a contributory factor to successful psychotherapy. Expectations come in different guises, with outcome expectations centered on prognostic beliefs about the consequences of engaging in treatment. In this article, we define outcome expectations and present assessment methods and clinical examples of outcome expectations. Our research review includ...

Greater Expectations

LTP (“depotentiation”) is a separate entity. NSF–GluR2and Shadlen (1999) record from two prefrontal areas and find that neurons in only one of them fire more when mediated AMPA receptor trafficking, however, plays an the monkey expects three squirts of water to drink than important role in maintaining synaptic strength and is a when it expects one. potential target for LTD-inducing stimuli. The...

Rationalizable Expectations

Vexing Expectations

We introduce a St. Petersburg-like game, which we call the ‘Pasadena game’, in which we toss a coin until it lands heads for the first time. Your pay-offs grow without bound, and alternate in sign (rewards alternate with penalties). The expectation of the game is a conditionally convergent series. As such, its terms can be rearranged to yield any sum whatsoever, including positive infinity and ...

Complex Expectations

In our (2004), we introduced two games in the spirit of the St. Petersburg game, the Pasadena and Altadena games. As these latter games lack an expectation, we argued that they pose a paradox for decision theory. Terrence Fine has shown that any finite valuations for the Pasadena, Altadena, and St. Petersburg games are consistent with the standard decision­theoretic axioms. In particular, one c...