LIII.—On an apparatus for maintaining a constant pressure when distilling under reduced pressure

Inspiration by Magellanic penguins: reduced swimming effort when under pressure

Some marine mammals may increase their underwater locomotor efficiency by taking down little air for dives and descending passively, although at the point of maximum depth they presumably have to use energy to counteract the downthrust, to stop themselves sinking further. Birds, having considerable quantities of body-associated air, would appear not to have this option. However, measurements of...

A Simple Apparatus for Distilling Water

An Apparatus for Pressure Measurements of Spreading Substances

Results of measurements of the spreading of proteins have been reported in the previous article. The measurements were made with an apparatus differing in various ways from existing apparatus (Langmuir, Marcelin, and Adam). I t was essential in the construction of this apparatus to obtain an instrument by which it would be possible to make quick and accurate measurements. ~ Also we tried to mak...

Geometric constant defining shape transitions of carbon nanotubes under pressure.

We demonstrate that when a single-walled carbon nanotube is under pressure it undergoes a series of shape transitions, first transforming from a circle to an oval and then from an oval to a peanut. Most remarkably, the ratio of the area of the tube cross sections at the second transition over that at the first transition appears as a constant, independent of the tube radius. Its accurate value ...

Pressure Dependence of Liquid Vapor Pressure: An Improved Gibbs Prediction

A new model for the vapor phase of a pressurized liquid called "the cluster model: which is originally introduced in this work, along with an accurate equation of state for the liquid phase called the LIR, is used to derive an accurate equation for the vapor pressure of liquid as a function of external pressure. The chemical Potential of both phase have been found to be in good agreement wi...