Lignin Phenol Formaldehyde Resins Synthesised Using South African Spent Pulping Liquor

The current study investigated to which extent phenol could be replaced by lignins produce lignin formaldehyde (LPF) resins, utilising soda and sodium lignosulphonate as by-products from the South African pulping industry. were characterised indicated highest reactivity. It was therefore utilised LPF resins at 60%, 80%, 100% substitution, using central composite designs maximise adhesive strength. A one-pot method allowing direct transition phenolation resin synthesis used for first time with a 60% 80% substitution. Plywood made LPF60, LPF80, LPF100 attained their shear strengths of 0.786, 1.09, 0.987 MPa, respectively, adhered GB/T 14,732–2013 standard (? 0.7 MPa). substitution level 68% produced strength 1.11 MPa. High-density particleboard this LPF68 gave MOR MOE 40 3209 adhering ANSI A208.1 requirements. Thickness swelling water absorption 13.5% 37.2%, respectively. soda-lignin isolated precipitation sugarcane bagasse liquor is industrial shown requirements, without modification or additives.