Levator palpebrae superioris function and corneal astigmatism in university students with normal eyelid morphology

Background: Eyelids have been shown to influence corneal shape. The effects of eyelid pathologies on astigmatism widely investigated. This study aimed determine the correlation between levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) muscle function and with-the-rule (WTR) in university students with normal morphology.Methods: was a cross-sectional sample 58 Chinese origin selected by simple random sampling at University College Sedaya International (UCSI) Optometry Clinic, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. We included participants aged 18 30 years, regardless sex, morphology, LPS function, WTR astigmatism. For distance upper margin from maximal downgaze upgaze measured, while frontalis negated thumb examiner. Corneal measured using manual Keratometry (Topcon OM-4; Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Results: Of participants, 23 (39.7%) were men 35 (60.3%) women. mean ± standard deviation (SD) age 23.22 1.77 years. all means SDs for 14.72 1.74 mm - 1.16 0.47 D, respectively. 25 33 had low moderate astigmatism, functions not significantly different groups (P > 0.05). A positive but statistically insignificant (r = + 0.14; P 0.05) found Conclusions: no significant difference young morphology. Furthermore, low-to-moderate