Learning curve in videothoracoscopic thymectomy: how many operations and in which situations?

Cusum analysis for learning curve of videothoracoscopic lobectomy

BACKGROUND Video assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lobectomy has a demanding learning curve due to its technical complexity and risk of uncontrollable bleeding. We investigated the case number required for gaining technical proficiency by applying cumulative sum analysis on initial VATS lobectomy operations of a single surgeon. METHODS CALGB definition was used for the definition of VATS lobectom...

Technique of the transcervical-subxiphoid-videothoracoscopic maximal thymectomy

BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to present the new technique of transcervical-subxiphoid-videothoracoscopic "maximal"thymectomy introduced by the authors of this study for myasthenia gravis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and sixteen patients with Osserman scores ranging from I-III were operated on from 1/9/2000 to 31/12/2006 for this study. The operation was performed through four inc...

achievement in foreign language learning contex the impacts of teachers self-disclosure on students anxiety, attitude and achievement in fireign language learning context

this study was designed to investigate the impacts of teachers self-disclosure on students foreign language classroom anxiety, attitude to english language learning and their achievement scores at the end of the term. there were 48 female learners of intermediate level. they were not randomly selected. there were one experimental group with 21 students and one control group with 27 students.the...

why and how of language and literature integration in EFL situations

willingness to communicate in the iranian context: language learning orientation and social support

why some learners are willing to communicate in english, concurrently others are not, has been an intensive investigation in l2 education. willingness to communicate (wtc) proposed as initiating to communicate while given a choice has recently played a crucial role in l2 learning. it was hypothesized that wtc would be associated with language learning orientations (llos) as well as social suppo...