Large-Eddy Simulations of Wind-Driven Cross Ventilation, Part 2: Comparison of Ventilation Performance Under Different Ventilation Configurations

Natural ventilation can contribute to a sustainable and healthy built environment, but the flow be highly dependent on configuration outdoor turbulent wind conditions. As result, quantifying natural rates challenging task. Wind tunnel experiments offer one approach for studying ventilation, measurements are often restricted few points or planes in building, data have limitations due intrusive nature of measurement techniques challenges with optical access. Large-eddy simulations (LES) an effective alternative analyzing flow, since they provide precise prediction at any point computational domain enable accurate estimates different measures. The objective this study is use validated LES set-up investigate effect opening size, location direction through isolated building. effects quantified terms time-averaged instantaneous rates, age air, efficiency. results indicate that, building case, more pronounced than size position openings. Importantly, when primarily driven by fluctuations, e.g. 90° direction, estimation rate requires knowledge velocity field.