Laparoscopic castration of the cryptorchid horses under general anesthesia

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Equine castration: review of anatomy, approaches, techniques and complications in normal, cryptorchid and monorchid horses.

Complications associated with equine castration are the most common cause of malpractice claims against equine practitioners in North America. An understanding of the embryological development and surgical anatomy is essential to differentiate abnormal from normal structures and to minimise complications. Castration of the normal horse can be performed using sedation and regional anaesthesia wh...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine

سال: 1999

ISSN: 0177-7726

DOI: 10.21836/pem19990210