Knowing selves.

Possible Selves

The concept of possible selves is introduced to complement current conceptions of self-knowledge. Possible selves represent individuals' ideas of what they might become, what they would like to become, and what they are afraid of becoming, and thus provide a conceptual link between cognition and motivation. Possible selves are the cognitive components of hopes, fears, goals, and threats, and th...

True Selves, False Selves, and the Ambiguity of Authenticity

Knowing How vs . Knowing That

More than forty years after Gilbert Ryle published his paper on "Knowing How and Knowing That" in 1945, 1 the problem of practical knowledge has still failed to establish for itself a secure position in the field of problems dealt with by analytic philosophers. Thus even today it can safely be asserted that it is discursive or theoretical knowledge, knowledge linguistically expressed, above all...

Emancipatory knowing: Hidden necessity

Background & Aim: Knowledge patterns in nursing are key foundation elements for the development of knowledge and practice. Carper identified four fundamental knowledge patterns; empirical, personal, ethical and aesthetic. Chain and Kramer added the pattern of emancipatory knowledge to Carperchr('39')s patterns. The pattern of emancipatory knowledge in nursing has been neglected. The aim of this...

Possible selves as roadmaps

Possible selves, expectations, and concerns about the coming year, can promote feeling good (‘‘I may not be doing well in school this year, but I will next year.’’) or can promote regulating for oneself (‘‘I may not be doing well in school this year, but to make sure I do better next year, I have signed up for summer tutoring.’’). We hypothesized that improved academic outcomes were likely only...