Karst Landscape Governance in the Guilin World Heritage Site, China

Sustaining karst landscape areas in World Heritage Sites under increasing human pressures and climate change is an emerging challenge. Growing evidence has highlighted the transition from traditional government-oriented regulation to collaborative governance of different stakeholders governing resources. However, complexity dynamics policy stakeholder networks are poorly understood. This study combined a legislative analysis, network public survey explore effective methods conservation Guilin Site, China. The analysis showed that various national laws local regulations have been enacted China, but these often focused on individual aspects karst–human interactions. indicated relationship Site at national, provincial, municipal scales. majority questionnaire respondents (65–89%) reported medium high level effectiveness. insights present may be valuable for other facing complex challenges, especially developing countries.