Japan dismayed by US retaliation

Retaliation Against Protocol Attacks

Security protocols intend to give their parties reasonable assurance that certain security properties will protect their communication session. However, the literature confirms that the protocols may suffer subtle and hidden attacks. Flawed protocols are customarily sent back to the design process, but the costs of reengineering a deployed protocol may be prohibitive. This paper outlines the co...

The Changing US-Japan Security Alliance

Gaming A laboratory experiment in retaliation 1

is somewhat exploratory. An experimental game with options to attack and to retaliate was presented to 196 college students. A 2 X 3 factorial design explored the effects of accidental attack, expected iteration, social influence, and timing conditions upon the incidence of retaliation. Measures of authoritarianism, orientation to military-political strategy, and attitudes relating to nuclear w...

Fairness and Retaliation: The Economics of Reciprocity

This paper shows that reciprocity has powerful implications for many economic domains. It is an important determinant in the enforcement of contracts and social norms and enhances the possibilities of collective action greatly. Reciprocity may render the provision of explicit incentive inefficient because the incentives may crowd out voluntary co-operation. It strongly limits the effects of com...

Ballistic Missile Defence and US - Japan and US - UK Alliances Compared

Japan has entered into a programme of off-the-shelf procurement and joint development of Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD) systems. The impact on US-Japan alliance relations is transformational. This working paper outlines the various strategies that Japan has used in the past to manage alliance ties with the US and to mitigate the alliance dilemmas of entrapment and abandonment. It then demonstr...