Is dysphonia permanent or temporary after anterior cervical approach?

Henna Tattoo: Temporary or Permanent?

Stoma Creation After Surgery for Rectal Cancer: Temporary or Permanent?

In rectal cancer surgery, creation of diverting stomas can potentially minimize the fatal outcomes of anastomotic leakage, although it may not substantially decrease its incidence [1, 2]. Several studies showing that a defunctioning stoma seems to be useful in preventing clinical anastomotic leakage and urgent reoperations in patients receiving a low anterior resection have been reported [1, 3]...

Stigmatized Asset Value: Is It Temporary or Permanent?*

Abstract: Stigma is a negative attribute of real estate acquired by the discovery of contamination and reflected in its value (Elliot-Jones, 1996). Using a theoretical model with external economies and adjustment costs, we show that both temporary stigma and permanent stigma are possible equilibrium outcomes after the discovery and cleanup of a hazardous waste site. The existence and duration o...

Dysphonia and dysphagia following the anterior approach to the cervical spine.

BACKGROUND Speech and swallowing dysfunctions are common following the anterior approach to the cervical spine. Despite functional morbidity and legal implications, the incidence and etiologic factors of these complications have not been adequately elucidated. OBJECTIVE To better define speech and swallowing dysfunction both in the quantitative and qualitative sense. METHODS A questionnaire...

Macroeconomic Fluctuations: Demand or Supply, Permanent or Temporary?

We use generalized method of moments to estimate a rational expectations aggregate demand/aggregate supply macroeconomic model for five European economies and the United States. Our aim is to examine whether supply or demand shocks have predominated in these economies during the post-war era, and whether shocks of either type have been primarily temporary or permanent in nature. The estimation ...