Iron-Doped Biochar Regulated Soil Nickel Adsorption, Wheat Growth, Its Physiology and Elemental Concentration under Contrasting Abiotic Stresses

The prevalence of abiotic stresses hampers soil health and plant growth in most ecosystems. In this study, rice husk iron-enriched biochar (BC) was prepared its superiority terms nutrients enrichment, porosity different acidic functional group (O-H, C=O) relative to simple confirmed through scanning electron microscopic, X-ray fluorescence Fourier transform infrared analysis. To further evaluate nickel (Ni), salt (NaCl) carbonate (CaCO3) stress mitigating impact on wheat physiology biochemical attributes, a pot experiment conducted using; BC (1%), Ni (0.5 mM NiNO3), Na (100 NaCl) CO3 CaCO3) with twelve treatments; T1; Control, T2; NiNO3, T3; CaCO3, T4; NaCl, T5; BC, T6; + T7; CaCO3 T8; NaCl T9; T10; T11; T12; BC. Langmuir isotherm model revealed the maximum adsorption capacity (2433 mg g?1) treatments where applied soil. Maximum DTPA-extractable found T9 treatment; however, concentration not reported roots while only trace amounts were shoots treatment. It suggested that has induce immunization effect by providing additional Fe so their ionic homeostasis redox metabolism worked properly. This argument paved enhanced these toxic ions presence BC-favored as indicated increases shoot iron potassium concentrations under control. Furthermore, decrease hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (20%) malondialdehyde (32%) increase ascorbate peroxidase (81%) catalase (three-fold) activities controlled cell membrane damage. conclusion, proved be an excellent amendment reduce effects Ni, enhance nutrition.