IoT-Enabled Sustainable and Cost-Efficient Returnable Transport Management Strategies in Multimodal Transport Systems

Returnable transport items (RTIs) are widely used in multimodal systems. However, due to the lack of effective tracking methods, RTIs management efficiency is low and easily lost, which directly indirectly causes economic losses enterprises. Internet Things (IoT) technology proved be realizing real-time tracing various objects diverse fields. an IoT-enabled system a has not been accepted cost decision model. To address these problems, this research first presents three typical schemes management. through extensive field studies on collaborative logistics service providers Then, cost–benefit analyses conducted while models whether adopt IoT technologies built. Finally, based models, main factors affecting application IoT-RTIs systems studied by numerical analysis, several managerial implications presented. These results can serve as theoretical basis for enterprises interested finding out should