Investigating Decadal Changes of Multiple Hydrological Products and Land-Cover Changes in the Mediterranean Region for 2009–2018

Abstract Land-cover change is a critical concern due to its climatic, ecological, and socioeconomic consequences. In this study, we used multiple variables including precipitation, vegetation index, surface soil moisture, evapotranspiration obtained from different satellite sources study their association with land-cover changes in the Mediterranean region. Both observational modeling data were for climatology correlation analysis. Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) Land Data Assimilation System (FLDAS) Global (GLDAS) extract moisture data. Intercomparing results of FLDAS GLDAS suggested that had better accuracy compared coherence Climate Hazards Group Infra-Red Precipitation Station (version 2.0 final) (CHIRPS Pentad) precipitation while Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products indices study. The detection was demonstrated during 2009–2018 period using MODIS Land-Cover Some barren crop lands Euphrates-Tigris Algeria have converted low-vegetated shrublands over time, areas Egypt’s southwestern Delta region became grasslands. These observations well explained by changing trends hydrological which showed higher values countries located east ones on west. For evapotranspiration, north lower except Europe such as Bosnia, Romania, Slovenia, Africa Egypt Libya. enhanced index appeared be decreasing south, Germany, Czechia having values, south Libya, Egypt, Iraq trends. Time series analysis selected also done understand parameters, Enhanced Vegetation Index, alternating drop rise stagnant parameters each country.