Invasive brown marmorated stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) facilitates feeding of European wasps and ants (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Formicidae) on plant exudates

The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, is a polyphagous species from eastern Asia, which has spread to America and Europe where it damages many crops. In recently colonized areas, facilitative interactions between H. halys native insects are poorly investigated. this study, we report for the first time facilitation of wasp ant feeding by in Europe. was related outflow plant exudates caused on manna ash trees, they have aggregated response an aggregation pheromone, then attracted Hymenoptera infested trees. Trees other than were not involved these two taxa. that frequently visited Polistes dominula, Vespa crabro, Formica (Serviformica) cunicularia Lasius emarginatus, while cf. nimpha, Vespula germanica, Crematogaster scutellaris Tapinoma subboreale occasional visitors. numbers wasps ants differed at different times day, with more foraging afternoon, when individuals actively feeding. Facilitative interactions, such as those recorded important furthering our understanding ecology invasive terms creating sources food organisms.