Introduction to Stereology

Stereology.

1.1 組織標本を使用する定量解析が抱える諸問題 組織標本の解析は定性的な所見から始まる.顕微鏡を用いた丁寧な観察によって初めて得られる検体の 大きさや分布,形態などについての詳細な情報は,全ての研究の基礎となるべき重要なものである.しか しながら,定性的なデータだけでは,統計学的な検討が難しく,結果が主観的なものになりやすい.この ため,生理的組織と病的組織の比較など,さらなる研究を行う際には,定量的なデータが必要になる.定 量解析の基本的な命題は,いかにして検体の正確な数を客観的に求めることができるか,ということであ る.組織標本に基づく定量解析は単純に思われるが,正確なデータを得ることは実は容易ではない. 最大の問題は,サンプリングバイアスである(図1).これは,標本抽出の際に母集団を代表していない 検体が選ばれるために生じる偏りのことであり,2次元的な切片を使って定量解析を行...

18th European Stereology Course

An International Stereology course approved by the International Society for Stereology. This course will provide participants with a practical introduction to recent advances in stereology. There will be ample opportunity for discussion between participants and the experienced instructors on specific stereological problems related to the participants’ own projects. Particular emphasis will be ...

An Introduction to Sociolinguistics

Introduction to circular data

In many diverse scientific fields, the measurements are directions. For instance, a biologist may be measuring the direction of flight of a bird or the orientation of an animal. A series of such observations is called ”directional data”. Since a direction has no magnitude, these can be conveniently represented as points on the circumference of a unit circle centered at the origin or as unit ...

Introduction to Ethics

  The issues involved in this article are mainly concentrated on the origins of ethics or Moral ethics as an indepent science It has been said that this area of science was founded by Greek Philosophers after a great crisis and debates between such thinkers as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle on one side and  study of other cuitures and moral traditions, especially the Chinese and Hindu tradition...