Introduction: Policy-making, Learning and Devolution

On the Prospects for Policy Learning in Post-devolution Scotland

There is growing discomfort with existing arrangements of government. Citizens demand greater democracy and transparency. Communities seek more autonomy. Business leaders point an accusing finger at the lazy pace of governments. Interest groups are prodigious in showing displeasure with the way governments resolve their disputes and issues. The media are eager to report dissent and nurture mist...

an introduction to a new optimal urban policy – making

cconcerning the emer gence of substantial changes in major cities within the past two decades and its relationship to a set of ideas which envisage the emergence of a new urban era, this article will try to examine the different aspects of the new urban policies as a necessary response to a new national and international economy. cconcerning the emer gence of substantial changes in major cities...

Reinforcement learning for penalty avoiding policy making

Reinforcement Learning is a kind of machine learning. It aims to adapt an agent to a given environment with a clue to a reward. In general, the purpose of reinforcement learning system is to acquire an optimum policy that can maximize expected reward per an action. However, it is not always important for any environment. Especially, if we apply reinforcement learning system to engineering, we e...

Evolution and devolution of national physical activity policy in Canada.

BACKGROUND Low levels of physical activity (PA) and fitness have long been a government concern in Canada; however, more than half of adults are inactive. This article examines factors influencing policy development and implementation using Canadian PA policy as a case study. METHODS Current and historical PA policy documents were amassed from a literature review, audit of government and non ...

Large-Scale Renewables: Policy and Practice Under Devolution