Integrated Geophysical and Geotechnical Approaches for Evaluating Dam Seepage in Lesser Himalayan Region of Pakistan

Dam leakage is a major problem in earth-filled reservoir dams. The present research aimed at detecting the seepage zones an dam vicinity of Sarobi village, North Waziristan, Pakistan. objective was achieved by integrating geological, geotechnical, and geophysical datasets. Geological survey carried out area to identify surface exposures. Geotechnical data involved used estimation permeability Lugeon values network joints/fractures whereas electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) technique (utilizing Wenner-Schlumberger configuration) applied for identification zones. revealed highly deformed alluvium towards right abutment underlain compressed shale fractured limestone beds. indicated high permeability, values, concentration sand gravel low higher silt clay were observed left abutment. ERT identified conductive zone embedded between impermeable lithologies having 10 60 Ω·m. This parallel profiles acquired upstream, crest, downstream parts dam. integration all datasets joints that are interconnected provide path water upstream side pass through leak downstream.