Integrated Adsorption-Photocatalytic Decontamination of Oxytetracycline from Wastewater Using S-Doped TiO2/WS2/Calcium Alginate Beads

Integrated wastewater treatment processes are needed due to the inefficient removal of emerging pharmaceuticals by single methods. Herein, an adsorbent-photocatalyst integrated material was fabricated coupling calcium alginate with sulfur-doped TiO2/tungsten disulfide (S-TiO2/WS2/alginate beads) for oxytetracycline (OTC) from aqueous solution adsorption-photocatalysis process. The semiconductor S-TiO2/WS2 hybrid photocatalyst synthesized a hydrothermal method, while S-TiO2/WS2/alginate beads were blending sodium using chloride as precipitating agent. physicochemical characteristics analyzed X-ray diffraction , scanning electron microscopy, elemental mapping, photoelectron spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. process showed enhanced 92.5 72%, rise in OTC concentration 10 75 mg/L respectively. results demonstrated that adsorption onto followed Elovich kinetic model Redlich–Peterson isotherm models. formations H-bonds, cation bridge bonding, n-π donor-acceptor forces involved OCT beads. In adsorption-photocatalysis, surface-adsorbed molecules readily decomposed photogenerated active radical species (h⁺, O2•−, HO•). persulfate addition further increased photocatalysis efficacy formation additional oxidizing (SO4•⁻, SO4⁻). Moreover, favorable efficiency sustainability removal, approaching 78.6% after five cycles. This offered significant insight into improving reusability water treatment.