Institutional complementarities and technological transformation: IVET responsiveness to Industry 4.0 – meeting emerging skill needs in the European steel industry

Digital technology is gradually changing the organisation of production and work. In this article, authors explore implications such developments for workers through lens skill, skill needs developing out shift towards Industry 4.0 technologies now being employed within European steel industry. Specifically, article examines preparedness initial vocational training systems to support adaptation changes in work employment that will follow. The addresses from point view institutional theory, analysing how different architectures influence responses change.