Insights into the Impact of Activators on the ‘Catalytic’ Graphitization to Design Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

In this work, we systematically investigate the ‘catalytic’ graphitization of a biomass precursor (coffee ground) using 10–60 wt. % activator iron (III) chloride hexahydrate in temperature range 1000 °C – 2400 °C. Special focus is put on correlation synthesis conditions, e. g., heat treatment and mass fraction chloride, with electrochemical performance carbon||Li metal cells. The structural investigations materials reveal positive impact an increasing and/or inserted degree delithiation capacity. However, saturation point regarding maximum at 2000 reversible capacity by approach has been found. A ≈69 could be reached applying 40 FeCl3 ⋅ 6H2O, resulting 235 mAh g−1.