Insecticidal Activity of Essential Oil from Seeds of <i>Foeniculum vulgare</i> (Apiales: Apiaceae) Against <i>Sitophilus zeamais</i> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Its Effects on Crop Seed Germination

Abstract Many aromatic herbs in the family Apiaceae produce essential oils that are used on an industrial scale for medicinal, cosmetic, and food purposes. Essential from plants show insecticidal activity can be substituted synthetic insecticides to reduce environmental pollution or harmful toxicity humans. Insecticidal of oil seeds coriander, Foeniculum vulgare Miller (Apiales: Apiaceae), maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), its effects seed germination three major economic crops were investigated. F. was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry found contain 25 components, with anethole (43.78%) as main constituent. Other basic compounds estragole (28.33%), fenchone (16.68%), d-limonene (2.62%), alpha-pinene (1.84%), p-cymene (1.28%). toxic weevil when a fumigant median lethal concentration at 48 h 10.42 µL/L air. A 64 air most effective, killing 100% within 24 h. The repellent effect increased 75% 16 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) fumigated 32 exhibited slight decrease rate (germination &amp;gt;90%). Our results indicate have potential application management stored products.