Innovative AVR-LFC Design for a Multi-Area Power System Using Hybrid Fractional-Order PI and PIDD2 Controllers Based on Dandelion Optimizer

In this article, the problem of voltage and frequency stability in a hybrid multi-area power system including renewable energy sources (RES) electric vehicles has been investigated. Fractional order systems have used to design innovative controllers for both load control (LFC) automatic regulator (AVR) based on combination fractional proportional-integral proportional-integral-derivative plus double derivative (FOPI–PIDD2). Here, dandelion optimizer (DO) algorithm is optimize proposed FOPI–PIDD2 controller stabilize system. Finally, results simulations performed MATLAB/Simulink show fast, stable, robust performance sensitivity analysis, as well superiority optimal strategy damping fluctuations active power, exchanged between areas when faced with step changes load, generation rate units, uncertainties caused by wide dynamic values.