Inhibitory effects of Jasminum grandiflorum L. essential oil on lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia activation-integrated characteristic analysis of volatile compounds, network pharmacology, and BV-2 cell

Neuroinflammation is considered to have a prominent role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Microglia are resident macrophages central nervous system, and modulating microglia activation promising strategy prevent AD. Essential oil Jasminum grandiflorum L. flowers commonly used folk medicine for relief mental pressure disorders, analyzing volatile compound profiles evaluating inhibitory effects J. essential (JGEO) on excessive valuable its application. This study aims explore potential active compounds JGEO treating AD by inhibiting activation-integrated network pharmacology, molecular docking, model. A headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry procedure was analyze characteristics at 50°C, 70°C, 90°C, 100°C 50 min, respectively. pharmacological analysis docking were predict key compounds, targets, binding energies based detected JGEO. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 cell model, cells treated 100 ng/mL LPS 7.5, 15.0, 30 μg/mL, then, morphological changes, production nitric oxide (NO) reactive oxygen species, expressions tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 analyzed. total 34 significantly different volatilities identified. α-Hexylcinnamaldehyde, nerolidol, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, dodecanal, decanal predicted as top five SRC, EGFR, VEGFA, HSP90AA1, ESR1 targets. addition, between them less than −3.9 kcal/mol. activated not only could clearly reverse changes but also inhibited NO species suppressed 1. The findings indicate that inhibit overactivation characterized decreasing neuroinflammatory oxidative stress responses through multi-compound multi-target action modes, which support traditional use neuroinflammation-related disorders.