Inequalities of extreme commuting across Canada
نویسندگان
چکیده
There is growing body of research and practice assessing transportation equity justice. Commuting an especially important dimension to study since such frequent, non-discretionary travel, can come at the expense time for other activities therefore negatively impact mental health well-being. An ”extreme commuter” a worker who has particularly burdensome commute, previously been defined based on one-way commute times above 60 or 90 minutes. In this paper, we examine social geographic inequalities extreme commuting in Canada. We use 25% sample all commuters Canada 2016 (n = 4,543,417) our analysis consists descriptive statistics logistic regression models. The average across was 26 minutes, but over 9.7% workforce had exceeding However, rate 11.5% low-income households, 13.5% immigrants, 13.4% among non-white Canadians, reaching as high 18.6% Black Canadians 14.7% Latin American specifically. find that these persist even after controlling household factors, mode, occupation, built environment characteristics. persistently significant effects race models point factors like housing employment discrimination possible contributors commuting. These results highlight disparities national scale prior COVID-19 pandemic, represents clear evidence structural marginalization contributing racialized critical metric daily seldom recognized by Canadian scholars planners.
منابع مشابه
Ela Polynomial Inequalities for Non-commuting Operators
We prove an inequality for polynomials applied in a symmetric way to non-commuting operators.
متن کاملcommuting and non -commuting graphs of finit groups
فرض کنیمg یک گروه غیر آبلی متناهی باشد . گراف جابجایی g که با نماد نمایش داده می شود ،گرافی است ساده با مجموعه رئوس که در آن دو راس با یک یال به هم وصل می شوند اگر و تنها اگر . مکمل گراف جابجایی g راگراف نا جابجایی g می نامیم.و با نماد نشان می دهیم. گرافهای جابجایی و ناجابجایی یک گروه متناهی ،اولین بار توسطاردوش1 مطرح گردید ،ولی در سالهای اخیر به طور مفصل در مورد بحث و بررسی قرار گرفتند . در ،م...
15 صفحه اولCommuting behaviors and exposure to air pollution in Montreal, Canada.
BACKGROUND Vehicular traffic is a major source of outdoor air pollution in urban areas, and studies have shown that air pollution is worse during hours of commuting to and from work and school. However, it is unclear to what extent different commuting behaviors are a source of air pollution compared to non-commuters, and if air pollution exposure actually differs by the mode of commuting. This ...
متن کاملExtreme inequalities for infinite group problems
In this paper we derive new properties of extreme inequalities for infinite group problems. We develop tools to prove that given valid inequalities for the infinite group problem are extreme. These results show that integer infinite group problems have discontinuous extreme inequalities. These inequalities are strong when compared to related classes of continuous extreme inequalities. This give...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Travel behaviour and society
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2214-367X', '2214-3688']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2022.05.005