Induction of multivalent and balanced T cell responses by modular nanoshell vaccine technology

Abstract After the outbreak of COVID-19, cellular immunity has been shown to provide protection especially in breakthrough infection and B cell-deficient patients. Furthermore, durable targets conserved epitopes among SARS-CoV-2 variants or different coronavirus then inspiring an attractive strategy for vaccine development. However, how simultaneously induce balanced T cell responses against multiple still needs be elucidated. In this study, we sought design a cell-based that can adjust valency epitopes. We selected seven specific short peptides as antigens, including I-Ab/H-2Kb/H-2Db restricted used PLGA nanoparticle platform achieve precise loading indicated peptides. Mice were immunized with combinations splenocytes access epitope specific-IFN gamma expressing CD8+ CD4+ responses. First, confirmed robust immunogenicity each peptide. combined equal amount accessed combination. The results showed compete other regardless MHC allele class. addition, dominant significantly suppressed subdominant Finally, by optimizing antigen dose, induced more all Taking advantage nanoparticle, our reveal viable multivalent response. result suggests competition is one factors controlling immunity.