Induction of labor and risk of third- and fourth-degree perineal tears

The Management of Third- and Fourth-Degree Perineal Tears

Third- and fourth-degree perineal tears: prevalence and risk factors in the third millennium.

OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the modern prevalence and risk factors for third- and fourth-degree perineal tears. STUDY DESIGN The study population comprised 38,252 women who delivered in one medical center, from January 2005 through December 2009, and met the following inclusion criteria: singleton pregnancy, vertex presentation, and vaginal delivery. Of these, 96 women (0.25%) sustained thi...

Practices regarding diagnosis and management of third and fourth degree perineal tears.

OBJECTIVE To review our practice of diagnosing and managing third and fourth degree perineal tears. METHODS Retrospective case series conducted by reviewing medical records of all women having singleton, full term vaginal delivery at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi from November 1990 to October 2005. RESULTS The frequency of obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) in our department was...

Preconceptional counseling of women with previous third and fourth degree perineal tears

More than 85% of women in the United Kingdom (UK) sustain some form of perineal trauma during childbirth1. In the majority of instances, only the perineal skin, vaginal epithelium and superficial muscles are involved, and such tears are only rarely associated with serious sequelae. Tears involving the anal sphincter, however, can have long-term impact on a woman’s quality of life. Sultan2 origi...

the study of practical and theoretical foundation of credit risk and its coverage

پس از بررسی هر کدام از فاکتورهای نوع صنعت, نوع ضمانت نامه, نرخ بهره , نرخ تورم, ریسک اعتباری کشورها, کارمزد, ریکاوری, gdp, پوشش و وثیقه بر ریسک اعتباری صندوق ضمانت صادرات ایران مشخص گردید که همه فاکتورها به استثنای ریسک اعتباری کشورها و کارمزد بقیه فاکتورها رابطه معناداری با ریسک اعتباری دارند در ضمن نرخ بهره , نرخ تورم, ریکاوری, و نوع صنعت و ریسک کشورها اثر عکس روی ریسک اعتباری داردو پوشش, وثی...