Inclined loading of horizontal plate anchors in sand

The performance of plate anchors in sand, relative to clay, is not well understood, particularly for the more realistic case an inclined load. This paper investigates effect load inclination on horizontal sand through centrifuge tests and numerical finite-element simulations. were performed rectangular loose dense at shallow embedment depths with four different inclinations. experiments showed that anchor capacity plates increased progressively as became horizontal, under pure loading being approximately 1·8 times higher than vertical loading. These experimental observations also replicated simulations using a bounding surface plasticity model. Investigation underlying failure mechanisms stress paths slip planes become longer mobilised lateral stresses increase becomes increasingly which leads capacities. Finally, resistance factors from analyses decoupled into components represented interaction diagrams, providing basis performing hand calculations given depth, density.