Incentive-based electric vehicle charging for managing bottleneck congestion

We propose an incentive-based traffic demand management policy to alleviate congestion on a road stretch that creates bottleneck for the commuters. The incentive targets electric vehicles owners by proposing discount energy price they use charge their if are flexible in departure time. show that, with sufficient monetary budget, it is possible completely eliminate and we compute optimal discount. analyse also case of limited when cannot be eliminated. analytically minimising estimate level inefficiency different budgets. corroborate our theoretical findings numerical simulations allow us highlight power proposed method providing practical advice design policies.