Improved Cycling Performance of High?Nickel NMC by Dry Powder Coating with Nanostructured Fumed Al ₂ O ₃ , TiO ₂ , and ZrO ₂ : A Comparison

Surface coating is an effective concept to protect layered cathode active materials (CAMs) in lithium ion batteries from detrimental side reactions. Dry powder a fast and cost-effective process, here we transfer this approach Al2O3 nanostructured fumed TiO2 ZrO2 coatings on the same NMC (Li[Ni,Mn,Co]O2) material. Using similar processing, allows direct comparison of characteristics achieved layers their influence cycling performance high-nickel NMC. The small oxide aggregates result quite homogeneous layer with certain porosity around each CAM particle. Significantly enhanced long-term stability observed, trend increasing series ZrO2<TiO2<Al2O3. Fumed prevent particle cracking disintegration successfully, while only shows moderate protection effect. Each material enhances rate compared uncoated row TiO2<ZrO2<Al2O3. XPS measurements cycled electrodes indicate partial incorporation ions crystalline layers, contributing lithium-ion transport across surface layer, as observed before for ?-Al2O3 coatings. Summarizing results, best overall was by Al2O3, providing highest capability stability.