Implications of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in seed physiology for sustainable crop productivity under changing climate conditions

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen (RNS) incessantly produced as by-products of metabolism play significant roles in seed physiology. ROS (hydroxyl, superoxide radical hydrogen peroxide) RNS (nitric oxide, nitric dioxide, nitrous acid dinitrogen tetroxide) content changes all phases life cycle that influence germination, dormancy longevity. Recent studies illustrate are performing oxidative nitrosative signaling to induce germination within window level. Besides, ROS/RNS-mediated post-translational modifications (PTM) like carbonylation, S-nitrosylation nitration gaining interest promoting germination. Understanding the signalling pathways, cross-talk with plant hormones their role alleviation could pave way for hormone engineering help crop productivity, particularly under climatic changing conditions. In addition, antioxidants glutathione thiols protecting from damage indicate these compounds can be used viability/quality markers aid monitoring establishment. this review, sources RNS, (prospects engineering), functions pertaining deterioration have been illustrated. quality conditions effective stand establishment diagnostics development elucidated.