Impact on Reduction of Pollutant Emissions from Passenger Cars when Replacing Euro 4 with Euro 6d Diesel Engines Considering the Altitude Influence

NOx Emissions from Diesel Passenger Cars Worsen with Age.

Commonly, the NOx emissions rates of diesel vehicles have been assumed to remain stable over the vehicle's lifetime. However, there have been hardly any representative long-term emission measurements. Here we present real-driving emissions of diesel cars and light commercial vehicles sampled on-road over 15 years in Zurich/Switzerland. Results suggest deterioration of NOx unit emissions for Eur...

Emissions of Euro 3-5 Passenger Cars Measured Over Different Driving Cycles

The reduction in vehicle exhaust emissions achieved in the last two decades is offset by the growth in traffic, as well as by changes in the composition of emitted pollutants. The present investigation illustrates the emissions of in-use gasoline and diesel passenger cars using the official European driving cycle and the ARTEMIS real-world driving cycle. It was observed that some of the vehicle...

Selective Catalytic Reduction for Heavy-duty and Light-duty Vehicles

Whereas previous emission limit values could be met by primary engine control measures, the limits for PM and NOx from heavy duty engines in 2008/09 (Euro V) and diesel passenger cars in 2014/15 (Euro 6) represent a challenge for the developers of diesel engines and vehicles. Due to the thermodynamics of the Diesel combustion process, it is difficult to optimise the combustion process for both ...

The impact of uncertainty on activity in the euro area

Fluctuations in uncertainty can play an important role in shaping the economic conjuncture and outlook. This article discusses the various methods proposed in the literature to measure uncertainty and shows how these measures have evolved in the euro area. It describes the transmission channels of fluctuations in uncertainty to the economy and provides some model-based evidence for the impact o...

Options for Limiting CO2 Emissions from Passenger Cars