Impact of Urban Form on CO2 Emissions under Different Socioeconomic Factors: Evidence from 132 Small and Medium-Sized Cities in China

The accurate estimation of the impact urban form on CO2 emissions is essential for proposal effective low-carbon spatial planning strategies. However, few studies have focused relationship between and in small medium-sized cities, it especially unclear whether varies across cities with different socioeconomic characteristics. This study took 132 Yangtze River Delta China to explore how affects emissions, considering factors industrial structure, population density, economic development level. First, nighttime light data (DMSP-OLS NPP-VIIRS) provincial energy were used calculate emissions. Second, four landscape metrics quantify compactness complexity based Chinese land-use data. Finally, panel models established analyze impacted results showed that three mentioned above all had obvious influences per capita cities. effect per-capita increased a rise proportion tertiary industry, GDP. shows no effects low-development-level only density. may support decision-makers propose accurate, comprehensive, differentiated plans emission control reduction.