Immunomodulation: checkpoint blockade etc.: Fig. 1.

Immunomodulation: checkpoint blockade etc.

The immune microenvironment is considered a major obstacle to generating an effective antitumor immune response. Checkpoint inhibitors manipulate the co-stimulatory response between antigen-presenting cells and immune cells-or between the tumor and immune cells-to elicit an antitumor immune response that would have otherwise been suppressed. Checkpoint inhibitors have shown great promise in the...

Timeline: Checkpoint Blockade

Immune checkpoint blockade for GBM 1 Glioblastoma Eradication Following Immune Checkpoint Blockade in an Orthotopic, Immunocompetent Model

David A. Reardon, Prafulla C. Gokhale, Sarah R. Klein, Keith L. Ligon, Scott J. Rodig, Shakti H. Ramkissoon, Kristen L. Jones, Amy Saur Conway, Xiaoyun Liao, Jun Zhou, Patrick Y. Wen, Annick D. Van Den Abbeele, F. Stephen Hodi, Lei Qin, Nancy E. Kohl, Arlene H. Sharpe, Glenn Dranoff , and Gordon J. Freeman Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Belfer Institute for Applied C...

Predictive biomarkers in PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy.

Checkpoint blockades turn on a new paradigm shift in immunotherapy for cancer. Remarkable clinical efficacy, durable response and low toxicity of programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) checkpoint blockades have been observed in various malignancies. However, a lot of cancer patients failed to respond to the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockades. It is crucial to identify a biomar...

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