Immune Reconstitution in HIV‐Infected Patients

Immune Reconstitution in HIV-Infected Patients

The prognosis of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 has dramatically improved since the advent of potent antiretroviral therapies (ARTs), which have enabled sustained suppression of HIV replication and recovery of CD4 T cell counts. Knowledge of the function of CD4 T cells in immune reconstitution was derived from large clinical studies demonstrating that primary a...

Immune reconstitution in HIV-1-infected patients.

HIV-1-specific CD8 cytotoxic and CD4 helper T-lymphocytes, which are respectively the central effector and regulatory cells in viral infections, together with fully functional antigen-presenting cells, are essential at all stages of HIV-1 infection to control viral activity. Recent studies indicate that such protective HIV-1-specific immune responses can be preserved/induced in HIV-1-infected i...

Profile of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in Hiv Infected Patients

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-infected patients

Access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is improving worldwide. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a common complication of ART initiation. In this review, we provide an overview of clinical and epidemiological features of HIV-associated IRIS, current understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms, available therapy, and preventive strategies. The spectrum of HIV-associated IR...

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a collection of inflammatory disorders associated with paradoxical worsening of preexisting infectious processes after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. At the initial stage of the disease, the imaging findings can be misdiagnosed as pneumonia resulting ...