Identification techniques to prevent the current emerging disease hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis in white shrimp Penaeus vannamei: an overview

Aquaculture combines techniques for breeding and harvesting aquatic organisms used in shrimp production. It is important as a source of income generating foreign exchange the regions where it practiced. However, timely detection diseases continues to be great challenge aquaculture fisheries In recent years, Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) has emerged major pathogen Pacific white Penaeus vannamei many Asian countries (Vietnam, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, India, Korea). Latin America, only Venezuela, date, there no report its presence Mexico. transmitted directly from by oral or fecal means, cannibalism, exposure contaminated water. Hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM) mainly associated with stunted growth severe infections that can cause poor production cycle, mortality, problems larva-producing laboratories. This review aims overview main microsporidian parasites found shrimp, including clinical signs, control prevention measures EHP infection, HPM using different techniques. order offer tools, are available study microsporidia. Such optical microscopy, transmission electron histology; however, diagnostic purposes, molecular methods preferred due their sensitivity, specificity, short-time analysis. Our suggests constant monitoring hatcheries farms essential avoid entry transference infected organisms, affecting ideal development healthy shrimp.