ICT Security Tools and Techniques among Higher Education Institutions: A Critical Review

Higher education institutions (HEIs) are increasingly relying on digital technologies for classroom and organizational management, but this puts them at higher risk information communication (ICT security attacks. Recent studies show that HEIs have experienced more breaches in ICT composed of both cybersecurity an security. A literature review was conducted to identify common practices over the last decade. 11 journal articles were profiled analyzed, revealing threats HEIs’ protective measures terms security, technological physical standards frameworks. Security tools techniques grouped into categories with specific ways protect also implement general guidelines, such as ISO 27000-series Center Internet (CIS) controls, their framework. Through synthesis analysis among HEIs, critical hopes provide research directions IT governance academic technical administrators can further explore secure resources.